In the upcoming 2026 elections, Peru is considering a move to bicameralism in its parliamentary system. This decision was made by members of the current unicameral Congress, sparking controversy and raising concerns among experts and independent voices.

Various independent voices have previously advocated for bicameralism as a means to improve debate and create fairer representation. However, experts are concerned that the Congress members’ primary motive was to qualify themselves for immediate re-election, which may not be in the best interest of society. There are also concerns about creating a bicameral Congress without proper consultation and significant political reform, which may not lead to better results.

The 130-member unicameral Parliament has approved the initiative, which will take effect if it receives similar support in the next legislative session starting in January. However, this move was not approved in a referendum in 2018, raising questions about the legitimacy of the current Congress and its actions to push for bicameralism without proper consultation with society.

Critics argue that this move raises concerns about manipulation of political power and lack of representation of people’s voices in this decision. They claim that the current Congress does not have support from the majority of citizens and therefore should not be making decisions that have long-term implications for Peru’s political system. This also raises questions about the legitimacy of the Constitutional Court and balance of power in the country.

The question of bicameralism also raises broader issues about democracy and governance in Peru, whether it is capable of delivering meaningful political reform, and if it is able to address Peru’s rapidly growing population and diverse political landscape with broader political reforms and popular participation.

The implications of this move are significant for Peru, including concentration of power among a few individuals or groups, lack of accountability, erosion of democratic values, challenges transitioning from unicameral to bicameral system without broader political reforms or popular support.

Overall, this decision raises important questions about transparency, accountability, representation and how they relate to democracy. It highlights how complex issues like these can be challenging to navigate especially when there is disagreement within society on what is best for them.