Scientists at MIT and other research institutions have developed a new fabric that can reduce noise in two ways. The material is as thin as a human hair and contains a special fiber that vibrates when voltage is applied. Researchers utilized this vibration to eliminate sound through two different modes.
In the first mode, the fabric emits sound waves that block unwanted noise, similar to noise-canceling headphones. By emitting opposing sound waves, the fabric is able to cancel out direct sound waves and eliminate noise. However, this mode is most effective in small spaces like the human ear, not in larger spaces like rooms or airplanes.
The second mode involves holding the fabric still to eliminate vibrations that are a key factor in sound transmission. By covering a common wall with the new fabric, vibrations can be controlled to prevent sound transmission through the fabric, reducing noise in larger spaces such as rooms or cars.
During their experiments, researchers experimented with common materials like silk, canvas, and muslin to create practical noise-proof fabrics. They found that the mechanical properties and pore size of the fabric play a role in its efficiency in sound production. The team also achieved significant noise reduction results with the new fabric in both direct cancellation mode and indirect vibration suppression mode.
Moving forward, the research team aims to explore the use of the fabric to block multi-frequency sounds and improve its overall performance. They see the potential of creating quiet spaces by harnessing the power of fabric vibrations and believe that this technology could revolutionize noise reduction in various environments.