Coffee milk birthmarks are congenital pigmentation disorders that result in changes to the skin’s color. These birthmarks can be easily recognized by the naked eye and vary in size from a few millimeters to 20 cm. While they do not typically require treatment, larger birthmarks that affect aesthetics may be treated with lasers.
Lasers used for treating coffee milk birthmarks include Q-switched lasers with specific wavelengths that target melanin pigments. This selective photothermal lysis effect breaks down melanosomes into small pieces that the body can eliminate naturally, resulting in a more even skin tone. The laser procedure is safe, effective, and leaves no scars, but pigmentation may recur after treatment stops.
Before a laser treatment, patients may receive anesthetics and cold compresses to reduce pain. The number of laser exposures, wavelength, and energy used depend on the color, size, and shape of the birthmark. After treatment, patients should avoid sunlight and use sunscreen to protect the treated skin area. If there are multiple or unusually large pigmented birthmarks, or if the birthmark shows unusual symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention.
Overall, laser treatment for coffee milk birthmarks is a relatively straightforward procedure that can help fade pigmentation effectively. By following post-treatment care instructions and seeking medical attention when necessary, patients can achieve their desired outcomes while minimizing risks and complications associated with this condition.