A recent genetic study published in the journal Nature Genetics has shed light on the fascinating origins of coffee Arabica, the world’s most popular coffee bean. The study utilized DNA analysis to trace the history of Arabica and discover its roots in Ethiopia’s forests more than 600,000 years ago.
Arabica represents about 60% of global coffee production and is the preferred choice for companies like Starbucks and Tim Hortons due to its sweeter and softer flavors along with a unique set of aromas. However, it is susceptible to various diseases and requires specific growing conditions to thrive.
The genetic research conducted by scientists has identified genes in specific Arabica varieties that are resistant to coffee leaf rust, offering insights into protecting the plant in the future. This knowledge is crucial for developing new varieties that can adapt to climate change and disease resistance.
Understanding the genetic history of Arabica is also essential for preserving its natural hybrid status as a result of crossing between two different species, Coffea canephora and Coffea eugenioides. This knowledge provides valuable insights into how Arabica came into existence and paves the way for future cultivation and sustainability.
Historically, Arabica coffee likely began in Yemen around 1600 with Indian monk Baba Budan credited with smuggling out “seven seeds” from Yemen, introducing them to India, and laying the foundation for coffee’s global expansion. The genetic study adds another layer of understanding to this intricate history, shedding light on how this beloved beverage evolved over time and continues to shape our lives today.