Researchers have made a significant discovery that could revolutionize the way we predict heatwaves in Europe. By analyzing the North Atlantic, they found that a cold patch of meltwater is a key factor in these extreme weather events.
The North Sea ice in the polar region is rapidly shrinking due to climate change, leading to predictions of ice-free days in late summer and autumn much earlier than previously thought. This melting phenomenon is also having an impact on Europe’s weather, with hot summers being linked to the presence of the cold patch.
Researchers believe that the cold patch is formed when low-salt meltwater from Greenland combines with sea ice sitting on top of denser, saltier water. This creates a barrier that prevents heat from rising from deeper waters, leading to increased storms in the North Atlantic and affecting weather patterns in Europe. Strong westerly winds are pushing the Gulf Stream further north, causing changes in temperature and precipitation across the continent.
This discovery opens up new possibilities for predicting future climate trends based on winter conditions. As Arctic melting was previously associated with cooling effects on Europe’s climate, this new understanding could help us better prepare for extreme weather events like heatwaves and droughts.