Thyroid cancer occurs when the cells of the thyroid gland grow abnormally and form tumors, which can spread to other parts of the body such as lymph nodes, lungs, bones, and brain. It is more prevalent in women than men and has several types including papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
The treatment for thyroid cancer varies depending on the type, stage, and individual patient condition. Surgery is usually the primary method of treatment with open surgery being preferred. This procedure involves making an incision in the neck and removing part or all of the thyroid gland while also evaluating any lymph node involvement.
For patients with early-stage cancer who have smaller tumors and no lymph node metastasis, endoscopic surgery through the mouth may be a viable option. After surgery, patients may require hormone replacement therapy if their entire gland was removed. In cases where there is a high risk for recurrence or metastasis, radioactive iodine treatment may be recommended.
It is crucial to undergo regular checkups and biopsies to determine if a neck lump is malignant and assess the stage of the cancer. With advances in surgical techniques and experienced doctors, safe surgeries with minimal complications are possible. Additional treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be necessary for cancer that has spread beyond the initial site.
In conclusion, thyroid cancer can be treated effectively with various methods depending on its type and stage. Surgery remains the primary method of treatment with open surgery being preferred for most cases. Endoscopic surgery through the mouth can be an option for patients with early-stage cancer who have smaller tumors without lymph node metastasis. Hormone replacement therapy may be necessary after surgery while radioactive iodine treatment can be recommended for high-risk cases of recurrence or metastasis. Regular checkups and biopsies are important to detect early signs of thyroid cancer so that it can be treated promptly and effectively.